Excerpts from Ada, or Ardor

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b/w

kinetics of iron(ii) and oxygen in seawater

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At five p.m., June 3, his ship had sailed from Le Havre-de-Grâce; on the evening of the same day Van embarked at Old Hantsport. He had spent most of the afternoon playing court tennis with Delaurier, the famous coach, and felt very dull and drowsy as he watched the low sun’s ardency break into green-golden eye-spots a few sea-serpent yards to starboard, on the far-side slope of the bow wave. Presently he decided to turn in, walked down to the A deck, devoured some of the still-life fruit prepared for him in his sitting room, attempted to read in bed the proofs of an essay he was contributing to a festschrift on the occasion of Professor Counterstone’s eightieth birthday, gave it up, and fell asleep. A tempest went into convulsions around midnight, but despite the lunging and creaking (Tobakoff was an embittered old vessel) Van managed to sleep soundly, the only reaction on the part of his dormant mind being the dream image of an aquatic peacock, slowly sinking before somersaulting like a diving grebe, near the shore of the lake bearing his name in the ancient kingdom of Arrowroot. Upon reviewing that bright dream he traced its source to his recent visit to Armenia where he had gone fowling with Armborough and that gentleman’s extremely compliant and accomplished niece. He wanted to make a note of it—and was amused to find that all three pencils had not only left his bed table but had neatly aligned themselves head to tail along the bottom of the outer door of the adjacent room, having covered quite a stretch of blue carpeting in the course of their stopped escape.

The steward brought him a “Continental” breakfast, the ship’s newspaper, and the list of first-class passengers. Under “Tourism in Italy,” the little newspaper informed him that a Domodossola farmer had unearthed the bones and trappings of one of Hannibal’s elephants, and that two American psychiatrists (names not given) had died an odd death in the Bocaletto range: the older fellow from heart failure and his boy friend by suicide. After pondering the Admiral’s morbid interest in Italian mountains, Van clipped the item and picked up the passenger list (pleasingly surmounted by the same crest that adorned Cordula’s notepaper) in order to see if there was anybody to be avoided during the next days. The list yielded the Robinson couple, Robert and Rachel, old bores of the family (Bob had retired after directing for many years one of Uncle Dan’s offices). His gaze, traveling on, tripped over Dr. Ivan Veen and pulled up at the next name. What constricted his heart? Why did he pass his tongue over his thick lips? Empty formulas befitting the solemn novelists of former days who thought they could explain everything.

The level of the water slanted and swayed in his bath imitating the slow seesaw of the bright-blue, white-flecked sea in the porthole of his bedroom. He rang up Miss Lucinda Veen, whose suite was on the Main Deck amidships exactly above his, but she was absent. Wearing a white polo-neck sweater and tinted glasses, he went to look for her. She was not on the Games Deck from where he looked down at some other redhead, in a canvas chair on the Sun Deck: the girl sat writing a letter at passionate speed and he thought that if ever he switched from ponderous factitude to light fiction he would have a jealous husband use binoculars to decipher from where he stood that outpour of illicit affection.

She was not on the Promenade Deck where blanket-swathed old people were reading the number-one best seller Salzman and awaiting with borborygmic forebubbles the eleven o’clock bouillon. He betook himself to the Grill, where he reserved a table for two. He walked over to the bar and warmly greeted bald fat Toby who had served on the Queen Guinevere in 1889, and 1890, and 1891, when she was still unmarried and he a resentful fool. They could have eloped to Lopadusa as Mr. and Mrs. Dairs or Sardi!

He espied their half-sister on the forecastle deck, looking perilously pretty in a low-cut, brightly flowered, wind-worried frock, talking to the bronzed but greatly aged Robinsons. She turned toward him, brushing back the flying hair from her face with a mixture of triumph and embarrassment in her expression, and presently they took leave of Rachel and Robert who beamed after them, waving similarly raised hands to her, to him, to life, to death, to the happy old days when Demon paid all the gambling debts of their son, just before he was killed in a head-on car collision.

She dispatched the pozharskiya kotletï with gratitude: he was not scolding her for popping up as some sort of transcendental (rather than transatlantic) stowaway; and in her eagerness to see him she had botched her breakfast after having gone dinnerless on the eve. She who enjoyed the hollows and hills of the sea, when taking part in nautical sports, or the ups and oops, when flying, had been ignominiously sick aboard this, her first liner; but the Robinsons had given her a marvelous medicine, she had slept ten hours, in Van’s arms all the time, and now hoped that both he and she were tolerably awake except for the fuzzy edge left by the drug.

Quite kindly he asked where she thought she was going.

To Ardis, with him—came the prompt reply—for ever and ever. Robinson’s grandfather had died in Araby at the age of one hundred and thirty-one, so Van had still a whole century before him, she would build for him, in the park, several pavilions to house his successive harems, they would gradually turn, one after the other, into homes for aged ladies, and then into mausoleums. There hung, she said, a steeplechase picture of “Pale Fire with Tom Cox Up” above dear Cordula’s and Tobak’s bed, in the suite “wangled in one minute flat” from them, and she wondered how it affected the Tobaks’ love life during sea voyages. Van interrupted Lucette’s nervous patter by asking her if her bath taps bore the same inscriptions as his: Hot Domestic, Cold Salt. Yes, she cried, Old Salt, Old Salzman, Ardent Chambermaid, Comatose Captain!

They met again in the afternoon.

To most of the Tobakoff’s first-class passengers the afternoon of June 4, 1901, in the Atlantic, on the meridian of Iceland and the latitude of Ardis, seemed little conducive to open-air frolics: the fervor of its cobalt sky kept being cut by glacial gusts, and the wash of an old-fashioned swimming pool rhythmically flushed the green tiles, but Lucette was a hardy girl used to bracing winds no less than to the detestable sun. Spring in Fialta and a torrid May on Minataor, the famous artificial island, had given a nectarine hue to her limbs, which looked lacquered with it when wet, but re-evolved their natural bloom as the breeze dried her skin. With glowing cheekbones and that glint of copper showing from under her tight rubber cap on nape and forehead, she evoked the Helmeted Angel of the Yukonsk Ikon whose magic effect was said to change anemic blond maidens into konskiya deti, freckled red-haired lads, children of the Sun Horse.

She returned after a brief swim to the sun terrace where Van lay and said: “You can’t imagine”—(“I can imagine anything,” he insisted)—“you can imagine, okay, what oceans of lotions and streams of creams I am compelled to use—in the privacy of my balconies or in desolate sea caves—before I can exhibit myself to the elements. I always teeter on the tender border between sunburn and suntan—or between lobster and Obst as writes Herb, my beloved painter—I’m reading his diary published by his last duchess, it’s in three mixed languages and lovely, I’ll lend it to you. You see, darling, I’d consider myself a pied cheat if the small parts I conceal in public were not of the same color as those on show.”

“You looked to me kind of sandy all over when you were inspected in 1892,” said Van.

“I’m a brand-new girl now,” she whispered. “A happy new girl. Alone with you on an abandoned ship, with ten days at least till my next flow. I sent you a silly note to Kingston, just in case you didn’t turn up.”

They were now reclining on a poolside mat face to face, in symmetrical attitudes, he leaning his head on his right hand, she propped on her left elbow. The strap of her green breastcups had slipped down her slender arm, disclosing drops and streaks of water at the base of one nipple. An abyss of a few inches separated the jersey he wore from her bare midriff, the black wool of his trunks from her soaked green pubic mask. The sun glazed her hipbone; a shadowed dip led to the five-year-old trace of an appendectomy. Her half-veiled gaze dwelt upon him with heavy, opaque greed, and she was right, they were really quite alone, he had possessed Marion Armborough behind her uncle’s back in much more complex circumstances, what with the motorboat jumping like a flying fish and his host keeping a shotgun near the steering wheel. Joylessly, he felt the stout snake of desire weightily unwind; grimly, he regretted not having exhausted the fiend in Villa Venus. He accepted the touch of her blind hand working its way up his thigh and cursed nature for having planted a gnarled tree bursting with vile sap within a man’s crotch. Suddenly Lucette drew away, exhaling a genteel “merde.” Eden was full of people.

Two half-naked children in shrill glee came running toward the pool. A nurse brandished their diminutive bras in angry pursuit. Out of the water a bald head emerged by spontaneous generation and snorted. The swimming coach appeared from the dressing room. Simultaneously, a tall splendid creature with trim ankles and repulsively fleshy thighs, stalked past the Veens, all but treading on Lucette’s emerald-studded cigarette case. Except for a golden ribbon and a bleached mane, her long, ripply, beige back was bare all the way down to the tops of her slowly and lusciously rolling buttocks, which divulged, in alternate motion, their nether bulges from under the lamé loincloth. Just before disappearing behind a rounded white corner, the Titianesque Titaness half-turned her brown face and greeted Van with a loud “hullo!” Lucette wanted to know: kto siya pava? (who’s that stately dame?).

“I thought she addressed you,” answered Van. “I did not distinguish her face and do not remember that bottom.”

“She gave you a big jungle smile,” said Lucette, readjusting her green helmet, with touchingly graceful movements of her raised wings, and touchingly flashing the russet feathering of her armpits.

“Come with me, hm?” she suggested, rising from the mat.

He shook his head, looking up at her: “You rise,” he said, “like Aurora.”

“His first compliment,” observed Lucette with a little cock of her head as if speaking to an invisible confidant.

He put on his tinted glasses and watched her stand on the diving board, her ribs framing the hollow of her intake as she prepared to ardis into the amber. He wondered, in a mental footnote that might come handy some day, if sunglasses or any other varieties of vision, which certainly twist our concept of “space,” do not also influence our style of speech. The two well-formed lassies, the nurse, the prurient merman, the natatorium master, all looked on with Van.

“Second compliment ready,” he said as she returned to his side. “You’re a divine diver. I go in with a messy plop.”

“But you swim faster,” she complained, slipping off her shoulder straps and turning into a prone position; “Mezhdu prochim (by the way), is it true that a sailor in Tobakoff’s day was not taught to swim so he wouldn’t die a nervous wreck if the ship went down?”

“A common sailor, perhaps,” said Van. “When michman Tobakoff himself got shipwrecked off Gavaille, he swam around comfortably for hours, frightening away sharks with snatches of old songs and that sort of thing, until a fishing boat rescued him—one of those miracles that require a minimum of cooperation from all concerned, I imagine.”

Demon, she said, had told her, last year at the funeral, that he was buying an island in the Gavailles (“incorrigible dreamer,” drawled Van). He had “wept like a fountain” in Nice, but had cried with even more abandon in Valentina, at an earlier ceremony, which poor Marina did not attend either. The wedding—in the Greek-faith style, if you please—looked like a badly faked episode in an old movie, the priest was gaga and the dyakon drunk, and—perhaps, fortunately—Ada’s thick white veil was as impervious to light as a widow’s weeds. Van said he would not listen to that.

“Oh, you must,” she rejoined, “hotya bï potomu (if only because) one of her shafer’s (bachelors who take turns holding the wedding crown over the bride’s head) looked momentarily, in impassive profile and impertinent attitude (he kept raising the heavy metallic venets too high, too athletically high as if trying on purpose to keep it as far as possible from her head), exactly like you, like a pale, ill-shaven twin, delegated by you from wherever you were.”

At a place nicely called Agony, in Terra del Fuego. He felt an uncanny tingle as he recalled that when he received there the invitation to the wedding (airmailed by the groom’s sinister sister) he was haunted for several nights by dream after dream, growing fainter each time (much as her movie he was to pursue from flick-house to flick-house at a later stage of his life) of his holding that crown over her.

“Your father,” added Lucette, “paid a man from Belladonna to take pictures—but of course, real fame begins only when one’s name appears in that cine-magazine’s crossword puzzle. We all know it will never happen, never! Do you hate me now?”

“I don’t,” he said, passing his hand over her sun-hot back and rubbing her coccyx to make pussy purr. “Alas, I don’t! I love you with a brother’s love and maybe still more tenderly. Would you like me to order drinks?”

“I’d like you to go on and on,” she muttered, her nose buried in the rubber pillow.

“There’s that waiter coming. What shall we have—Honoloolers?”

“You’ll have them with Miss Condor” (nasalizing the first syllable) “when I go to dress. For the moment I want only tea. Mustn’t mix drugs and drinks. Have to take the famous Robinson pill sometime tonight. Sometime tonight.”

“Two teas, please.”

“And lots of sandwiches, George. Foie gras, ham, anything.”

“It’s very bad manners,” remarked Van, “to invent a name for a poor chap who can’t answer: ‘Yes, Mademoiselle Condor.’ Best Franco-English pun I’ve ever heard, incidentally.”

“But his name is George. He was awfully kind to me yesterday when I threw up in the middle of the tearoom.”

“For the sweet all is sweet,” murmured Van.

“And so were the old Robinsons,” she rambled on. “Not much chance, is there, they might turn up here? They’ve been sort of padding after me, rather pathetically, ever since we happened to have lunch at the same table on the boat-train, and I realized who they were but was sure they would not recognize the little fat girl seen in eighteen eighty-five or -six, but they are hypnotically talkative—at first we thought you were French, this salmon is really delicious, what’s your hometown?—and I’m a weak fool, and one thing led to another. Young people are less misled by the passage of time than the established old who have not much changed lately and are not used to the long-unseen young changing.”

“That’s very clever, darling,” said Van “—except that time itself is motionless and changeless.”

“Yes, it’s always I in your lap and the receding road. Roads move?”

“Roads move.”

After tea Lucette remembered an appointment with the hairdresser and left in a hurry. Van peeled off his jersey and stayed on for a while, brooding, fingering the little green-gemmed case with five Rosepetal cigarettes, trying to enjoy the heat of the platinum sun in its aura of “film-color” but only managing to fan, with every shiver and heave of the ship, the fire of evil temptation.

A moment later, as if having spied on his solitude the pava (peahen) reappeared—this time with an apology.

Polite Van, scrambling up to his feet and browing his spectacles, started to apologize in his turn (for misleading her innocently) but his little speech petered out in stupefaction as he looked at her face and saw in it a gross and grotesque caricature of unforgettable features. That mulatto skin, that silver-blond hair, those fat purple lips, reinacted in coarse negative her ivory, her raven, her pale pout.

“I was told,” she explained, “that a great friend of mine, Vivian Vale, the cootooriay—voozavay entendue?—had shaved his beard, in which case he’d look rather like you, right?”

“Logically, no, ma’am,” replied Van.

She hesitated for the flirt of a second, licking her lips, not knowing whether he was being rude or ready—and here Lucette returned for her Rosepetals.

“See you aprey,” said Miss Condor.

Lucette’s gaze escorted to a good-riddance exit the indolent motion of those gluteal lobes and folds.

“You deceived me, Van. It is, it is one of your gruesome girls!”

“I swear,” said Van, “that she’s a perfect stranger. I wouldn’t deceive you.”

“You deceived me many, many times when I was a little girl. If you’re doing it now tu sais que j’en vais mourir.”

“You promised me a harem,” Van gently rebuked her.

“Not today, not today! Today is sacred.”

The cheek he intended to kiss was replaced by her quick mad mouth.

“Come and see my cabin,” she pleaded as he pushed her away with the very spring, as it were, of his animal reaction to the fire of her lips and tongue. “I simply must show you their pillows and piano. There’s Cordula’s smell in all the drawers. I beseech you!”

“Run along now,” said Van. “You’ve no right to excite me like that. I’ll hire Miss Condor to chaperone me if you do not behave yourself. We dine at seven-fifteen.”

In his bedroom he found a somewhat belated invitation to the Captain’s table for dinner. It was addressed to Dr. and Mrs. Ivan Veen. He had been on the ship once before, in between the Queens, and remembered Captain Cowley as a bore and an ignoramus.

He called the steward and bade him carry the note back, with the penciled scrawl: “no such couple.” He lay in his bath for twenty minutes. He attempted to focus on something else besides a hysterical virgin’s body. He discovered an insidious omission in his galleys where an entire line was wanting, with the vitiated paragraph looking, however, quite plausible—to an automatic reader—since the truncated end of one sentence, and the lower-case beginning of the other, now adjacent, fitted to form a syntactically correct passage, the insipidity of which he might never have noticed in the present folly of his flesh, had he not recollected (a recollection confirmed by his typescript) that at this point should have come a rather apt, all things considered, quotation: Insiste, anime meus, et adtende fortiter (courage, my soul and press on strongly).

“Sure you’d not prefer the restaurant?” he inquired when Lucette, looking even more naked in her short evening frock than she had in her “bickny,” joined him at the door of the grill. “It’s crowded and gay down there, with a masturbating jazzband. No?”

Tenderly she shook her jeweled head.

They had huge succulent “grugru shrimps” (the yellow larvae of a palm weevil) and roast bearlet à la Tobakoff. Only half-a-dozen tables were occupied, and except for a nasty engine vibration, which they had not noticed at lunch, everything was subdued, soft, and cozy. He took advantage of her odd demure silence to tell her in detail about the late pencil-palpating Mr. Muldoon and also about a Kingston case of glossolalia involving a Yukonsk woman who spoke several Slavic-like dialects which existed, maybe, on Terra, but certainly not in Estotiland. Alas, another case (with a quibble on cas) engaged his attention subverbally.

She asked questions with pretty co-ed looks of doelike devotion, but it did not require much scientific training on a professor’s part to perceive that her charming embarrassment and the low notes furring her voice were as much contrived as her afternoon effervescence had been. Actually she thrashed in the throes of an emotional disarray which only the heroic self-control of an American aristocrat could master. Long ago she had made up her mind that by forcing the man whom she absurdly but irrevocably loved to have intercourse with her, even once, she would, somehow, with the help of some prodigious act of nature, transform a brief tactile event into an eternal spiritual tie; but she also knew that if it did not happen on the first night of their voyage, their relationship would slip back into the exhausting, hopeless, hopelessly familiar pattern of banter and counterbanter, with the erotic edge taken for granted, but kept as raw as ever. He understood her condition or at least believed, in despair, that he had understood it, retrospectively, by the time no remedy except Dr. Henry’s oil of Atlantic prose could be found in the medicine chest of the past with its banging door and toppling toothbrush.

As he gloomily looked at her thin bare shoulders, so mobile and tensile that one wondered if she could not cross them in front of her like stylized angel wings, he reflected abjectly that he would have to endure, if conforming to his innermost code of honor, five such days of ruttish ache—not only because she was lovely and special but because he could never go without girl pleasure for more than forty-eight hours. He feared precisely that which she wanted to happen: that once he had tasted her wound and its grip, she would keep him insatiably captive for weeks, maybe months, maybe more, but that a harsh separation would inevitably come, with a new hope and the old despair never able to strike a balance. But worst of all, while aware, and ashamed, of lusting after a sick child, he felt, in an obscure twist of ancient emotions, his lust sharpened by the shame.

They had sweet, thick Turkish coffee and surreptitiously he looked at his wrist watch to check—what? How long the torture of self-denial could still be endured? How soon were certain events coming such as a ballroom dance competition? Her age? (Lucinda Veen was only five hours old if one reversed the human “time current.”)

She was such a pathetic darling that, as they proceeded to leave the grill, he could not help, for sensuality is the best breeding broth of fatal error, caressing her glossy young shoulder so as to fit for an instant, the happiest in her life, its ideal convexity bilboquet-wise within the hollow of his palm. Then she walked before him as conscious of his gaze as if she were winning a prize for “poise.” He could describe her dress only as struthious (if there existed copper-curled ostriches), accentuating as it did the swing of her stance, the length of her legs in ninon stockings. Objectively speaking, her chic was keener than that of her “vaginal” sister. As they crossed landings where velvet ropes were hastily stretched by Russian sailors (who glanced with sympathy at the handsome pair speaking their incomparable tongue) or walked this or that deck, Lucette made him think of some acrobatic creature immune to the rough seas. He saw with gentlemanly displeasure that her tilted chin and black wings, and free stride, attracted not only blue innocent eyes but the bold stare of lewd fellow passengers. He loudly exclaimed that he would slap the next jackanapes, and involuntarily walked backward with ridiculous truculent gestures into a folded deck chair (he also running the reel of time backward, in a minor way), which caused her to emit a yelp of laughter. Feeling now much happier, enjoying his gallant champagne-temper, she steered Van away from the mirage of her admirers, back to the lift.

They examined without much interest the objects of pleasure in a display window. Lucette sneered at a gold-threaded swimsuit. The presence of a riding crop and a pickax puzzled Van. Half a dozen glossy-jacketed copies of Salzman were impressively heaped between a picture of the handsome, thoughtful, now totally forgotten, author and a vase of immortelles.

He clutched at a red rope and they entered the lounge.

“Whom did she look like?” asked Lucette. “En laid et en lard?”

“I don’t know,” he lied. “Whom?”

“Skip it,” she said. “You’re mine tonight. Mine, mine, mine!”

She was quoting Kipling—the same phrase that Ada used to address to Dack. He cast around for a straw of Procrustean procrastination.

“Please,” said Lucette, “I’m tired of walking around, I’m frail, I’m feverish, I hate storms, let’s all go to bed!”

“Hey, look!” he cried, pointing to a poster. “They’re showing something called Don Juan’s Last Fling. It’s prerelease and for adults only. Topical Tobakoff!”

“It’s going to be an unmethylated bore,” said Lucy (Houssaie School, 1890) but he had already pushed aside the entrance drapery.

They came in at the beginning of an introductory picture, featuring a cruise to Greenland, with heavy seas in gaudy technicolor. It was a rather irrelevant trip since their Tobakoff did not contemplate calling at Godhavn; moreover, the cinema theater was swaying in counterrhythm to the cobalt-and-emerald swell on the screen. No wonder the place was emptovato, as Lucette observed, and she went on to say that the Robinsons had saved her life by giving her on the eve a tubeful of Quietus Pills.

“Want one? One a day keeps ‘no shah’ away. Pun. You can chew it, it’s sweet.”

“Jolly good name. No, thank you, my sweet. Besides you have only five left.”

“Don’t worry, I have it all planned out. There may be less than five days.”

“More in fact, but no matter. Our measurements of time are meaningless; the most accurate clock is a joke; you’ll read all about it someday, you just wait.”

“Perhaps, not. I mean, perhaps I shan’t have the patience. I mean, his charwoman could never finish reading Leonardo’s palm. I may fall asleep before I get through your next book.”

“An art-class legend,” said Van.

“That’s the final iceberg, I know by the music. Let’s go, Van! Or you want to see Hoole as Hooan?”

She brushed his cheek with her lips in the dark, she took his hand, she kissed his knuckles, and he suddenly thought: after all, why not? Tonight? Tonight.

He enjoyed her impatience, the fool permitted himself to be stirred by it, the cretin whispered, prolonging the free, new, apricot fire of anticipation:

“If you’re a good girl we’ll have drinks in my sitting room at midnight.”

The main picture had now started. The three leading parts—cadaverous Don Juan, paunchy Leporello on his donkey, and not too irresistible, obviously forty-year-old Donna Anna—were played by solid stars, whose images passed by in “semi-stills,” or as some say “translucencies,” in a brief introduction. Contrary to expectations, the picture turned out to be quite good.

On the way to the remote castle where the difficult lady, widowed by his sword, has finally promised him a long night of love in her chaste and chilly chamber, the aging libertine nurses his potency by spurning the advances of a succession of robust belles. A gitana predicts to the gloomy cavalier that before reaching the castle he will have succumbed to the wiles of her sister, Dolores, a dancing girl (lifted from Osberg’s novella, as was to be proved in the ensuing lawsuit). She also predicted something to Van, for even before Dolores came out of the circus tent to water Juan’s horse, Van knew who she would be.

In the magic rays of the camera, in the controlled delirium of ballerina grace, ten years of her life had glanced off and she was again that slip of a girl qui n’en porte pas (as he had jested once to annoy her governess by a fictitious Frenchman’s mistranslation): a remembered triviality that intruded upon the chill of his present emotion with the jarring stupidity of an innocent stranger’s asking an absorbed voyeur for directions in a labyrinth of mean lanes.

Lucette recognized Ada three or four seconds later, but then clutched his wrist:

“Oh, how awful! It was bound to happen. That’s she! Let’s go, please, let’s go. You must not see her debasing herself. She’s terribly made up, every gesture is childish and wrong—”

“Just another minute,” said Van.

Terrible? Wrong? She was absolutely perfect, and strange, and poignantly familiar. By some stroke of art, by some enchantment of chance, the few brief scenes she was given formed a perfect compendium of her 1884 and 1888 and 1892 looks.

The gitanilla bends her head over the live table of Leporello’s servile back to trace on a scrap of parchment a rough map of the way to the castle. Her neck shows white through her long black hair separated by the motion of her shoulder. It is no longer another man’s Dolores, but a little girl twisting an aquarelle brush in the paint of Van’s blood, and Donna Anna’s castle is now a bog flower.

The Don rides past three windmills, whirling black against an ominous sunset, and saves her from the miller who accuses her of stealing a fistful of flour and tears her thin dress. Wheezy but still game, Juan carries her across a brook (her bare toe acrobatically tickling his face) and sets her down, top up, on the turf of an olive grove. Now they stand facing each other. She fingers voluptuously the jeweled pommel of his sword, she rubs her firm girl belly against his embroidered tights, and all at once the grimace of a premature spasm writhes across the poor Don’s expressive face. He angrily disentangles himself and staggers back to his steed.

Van, however, did not understand until much later (when he saw—had to see; and then see again and again—the entire film, with its melancholy and grotesque ending in Donna Anna’s castle) that what seemed an incidental embrace constituted the Stone Cuckold’s revenge. In fact, being upset beyond measure, he decided to go even before the olive-grove sequence dissolved. Just then three old ladies with stony faces showed their disapproval of the picture by rising from beyond Lucette (who was slim enough to remain seated) and brushing past Van (who stood up) in three jerky shuffles. Simultaneously he noticed two people, the long-lost Robinsons, who apparently had been separated from Lucette by those three women, and were now moving over to her. Beaming and melting in smiles of benevolence and self-effacement, they sidled up and plumped down next to Lucette, who turned to them with her last, last, last free gift of staunch courtesy that was stronger than failure and death. They were craning already across her, with radiant wrinkles and twittery fingers toward Van when he pounced upon their intrusion to murmur a humorous bad-sailor excuse and leave the cinema hall to its dark lurching.

In a series of sixty-year-old actions which now I can grind into extinction only by working on a succession of words until the rhythm is right, I, Van, retired to my bathroom, shut the door (it swung open at once, but then closed of its own accord) and using a temporary expedient less far-fetched than that hit upon by Father Sergius (who chops off the wrong member in Count Tolstoy’s famous anecdote), vigorously got rid of the prurient pressure as he had done the last time seventeen years ago. And how sad, how significant that the picture projected upon the screen of his paroxysm, while the unlockable door swung open again with the movement of a deaf man cupping his ear, was not the recent and pertinent image of Lucette, but the indelible vision of a bent bare neck and a divided flow of black hair and a purple-tipped paint brush.

Then, for the sake of safety, he repeated the disgusting but necessary act.

He saw the situation dispassionately now and felt he was doing right by going to bed and switching off the “ectric” light (a surrogate creeping back into international use). The blue ghost of the room gradually established itself as his eyes got used to the darkness. He prided himself on his willpower. He welcomed the dull pain in his drained root. He welcomed the thought which suddenly seemed so absolutely true, and new, and as lividly real as the slowly widening gap of the sitting room’s doorway, namely, that on the morrow (which was at least, and at best, seventy years away) he would explain to Lucette, as a philosopher and another girl’s brother, that he knew how agonizing and how absurd it was to put all one’s spiritual fortune on one physical fancy and that his plight closely resembled hers, but that he managed, after all, to live, to work, and not pine away because he refused to wreck her life with a brief affair and because Ada was still a child. At that point the surface of logic began to be affected by a ripple of sleep, but he sprang back into full consciousness at the sound of the telephone. The thing seemed to squat for each renewed burst of ringing and at first he decided to let it ring itself out. Then his nerves surrendered to the insisting signal, and he snatched up the receiver.

No doubt he was morally right in using the first pretext at hand to keep her away from his bed; but he also knew, as a gentleman and an artist, that the lump of words he brought up was trite and cruel, and it was only because she could not accept him as being either, that she believed him:

“Mozhno pridti teper’ (can I come now)?” asked Lucette.

“Ya ne odin (I’m not alone),” answered Van.

A small pause followed; then she hung up.

After he had stolen away, she had remained trapped between the cozy Robinsons (Rachel, dangling a big handbag, had squeezed by immediately to the place Van had vacated, and Bob had moved one seat up). Because of a sort of pudeur she did not inform them that the actress (obscurely and fleetingly billed as “Theresa Zegris” in the “going-up” lift-list at the end of the picture) who had managed to obtain the small but not unimportant part of the fatal gipsy was none other than the pallid schoolgirl they might have seen in Ladore. They invited Lucette to a Coke with them—proselytical teetotalists—in their cabin, which was small and stuffy and badly insulated, one could hear every word and whine of two children being put to bed by a silent seasick nurse, so late, so late—no, not children, but probably very young, very much disappointed honeymooners.

“We understand,” said Robert Robinson going for another supply to his portable fridge, “we understand perfectly that Dr. Veen is deeply immersed in his Inter Resting Work—personally, I sometimes regret having retired—but do you think, Lucy, prosit!, that he might accept to have dinner tomorrow with you and us and maybe Another Couple, whom he’ll certainly enjoy meeting? Shall Mrs. Robinson send him a formal invitation? Would you sign it, too?”

“I don’t know, I’m very tired,” she said, “and the rock and roll are getting worse. I guess I’ll go up to my hutch and take your Quietus. Yes, by all means, let’s have dinner, all of us. I really needed that lovely cold drink.”

Having cradled the nacred receiver she changed into black slacks and a lemon shirt (planned for tomorrow morning); looked in vain for a bit of plain notepaper without caravelle or crest; ripped out the flyleaf of Herb’s journal, and tried to think up something amusing, harmless, and scintillating to say in a suicide note. But she had planned everything except that note, so she tore her blank life in two and disposed of the pieces in the W.C.; she poured herself a glass of dead water from a moored decanter, gulped down one by one four green pills, and, sucking the fifth, walked to the lift which took her one click up from her three-room suite straight to the red-carpeted promenade-deck bar. There, two sluglike young men were in the act of sliding off their red toadstools, and the older one said to the other as they turned to leave: “You may fool his lordship, my dear, but not me, oh, no.”

She drank a “Cossack pony” of Klass vodka—hateful, vulgar, but potent stuff; had another; and was hardly able to down a third because her head had started to swim like hell. Swim like hell from the sharks, Tobakovich!

She had no purse with her. She almost fell from her convex ridiculous seat as she fumbled in her shirt pocket for a stray bank note.

“Beddydee,” said Toby the barman with a fatherly smile, which she mistook for a leer. “Bedtime, miss,” he repeated and patted her ungloved hand.

Lucette recoiled and forced herself to retort distinctly and haughtily:

“Mr. Veen, my cousin, will pay you tomorrow and bash your false teeth in.”

Six, seven—no, more than that, about ten steps up. Dix marches. Legs and arms. Dimanche. Déjeuner sur l’herbe. Tout le monde pue. Ma belle-mère avale son râtelier. Sa petite chienne, after too much exercise, gulps twice and quietly vomits, a pink pudding onto the picnic nappe. Après quoi she waddles off. These steps are something.

While dragging herself up she had to hang onto the rail. Her twisted progress was that of a cripple. Once on the open deck she felt the solid impact of the black night, and the mobility of the accidental home she was about to leave. Although Lucette had never died before—no, dived before, Violet—from such a height, in such a disorder of shadows and snaking reflections, she went with hardly a splash through the wave that humped to welcome her. That perfect end was spoiled by her instinctively surfacing in an immediate sweep—instead of surrendering under water to her drugged lassitude as she had planned to do on her last night ashore if it ever did come to this. The silly girl had not rehearsed the technique of suicide as, say, free-fall parachutists do every day in the element of another chapter. Owing to the tumultuous swell and her not being sure which way to peer through the spray and the darkness and her own tentaclinging hair—t,a,c,l—she could not make out the lights of the liner, an easily imagined many-eyed bulk mightily receding in heartless triumph. Now I’ve lost my next note.

Got it.

The sky was also heartless and dark, and her body, her head, and particularly those damned thirsty trousers, felt clogged with Oceanus Nox, n,o,x. At every slap and splash of cold wild salt, she heaved with anise-flavored nausea and there was an increasing number, okay, or numbness, in her neck and arms. As she began losing track of herself, she thought it proper to inform a series of receding Lucettes—telling them to pass it on and on in a trick-crystal regression—that what death amounted to was only a more complete assortment of the infinite fractions of solitude.

She did not see her whole life flash before her as we all were afraid she might have done; the red rubber of a favorite doll remained safely decomposed among the myosotes of an unanalyzable brook; but she did see a few odds and ends as she swam like a dilettante Tobakoff in a circle of brief panic and merciful torpor. She saw a pair of new vair-furred bedroom slippers, which Brigitte had forgotten to pack; she saw Van wiping his mouth before answering, and then, still withholding the answer, throwing his napkin on the table as they both got up; and she saw a girl with long black hair quickly bend in passing to clap her hands over a dackel in a half-torn wreath.

A brilliantly illumined motorboat was launched from the not-too-distant ship with Van and the swimming coach and the oilskin-hooded Toby among the would-be saviors; but by that time a lot of sea had rolled by and Lucette was too tired to wait.

Then the night was filled with the rattle of an old but still strong helicopter. Its diligent beam could spot only the dark head of Van, who, having been propelled out of the boat when it shied from its own sudden shadow, kept bobbing and bawling the drowned girl’s name in the black, foam-veined, complicated waters.

Reduced forms of iron in natural waters can be produced in the pore waters of sediments, in anoxic basin waters, in hydrothermal waters, and perhaps in surface waters by photochemical processes. Once this reduced iron, Fe(II), is formed, its lifetime in oxygenated waters will be related to the rates of its oxidation. Since Fe(II) can form coordination complexes with various ligands present in marine waters, these oxidation rates tend to be variable.

The oxidation kinetics of Fe(II) in both freshwater and seawater (NaCl brine) at given pH and temperature are in fair agreement with theoretical predictions. Experimental evidence in seawater conditions have shown that the value of k1 is strongly dependent on pH, and that the general rate law valid over most of the range of natural waters is

k1 = k [OH-]2 [O2]

Recent measurements in seawater have shown smaller changes in the pH (or pOH) dependence of k1 below pH 6 and above pH 8. This variability in pH dependence—especially between pH 2 and pH 8—has been known for some time. Here, a more manifold survey of the combined effects of ionic strength, temperature, pH, and the potential formation of thermodynamically favorable carbonato- complexes is presented in relation to the oxidation kinetics of nanomolar quantities of Fe(II).

The oxidation of nanomolar levels of iron(II) with oxygen has been studied in NaCl solutions as a function of temperature (0° to 50° C), ionic strength (0.7 to 5.6 mol/kg), and pH (6 to 8). The results have been fitted to the overall rate equation

d[Fe(II)]/dt = -k[Fe(II)][O2]

Values of k have been examined in terms of Fe(II) complexes with OH- and CO32-, via varying concentrations of NaHCO3 (0 to 10 mmol/kg). The overall rate constants for these specific interactions are given by

k = αFe2+ kFe2+ + αFe(OH)+ kFe(OH)+ + αFe(OH)2 kFe(OH)2 + αFe(OH)3- kFe(OH)3-

and

k = αFe(CO3) kFe(CO3) + αFe(CO3)22- kFe(CO3)22- + αFe(HCO3)+ kFe(HCO3)+ + αFe(CO3) kFe(CO3)

This relationship is summarized by the expression

k = -d[Fe(II)]/dt = Σ ki αi

where αi is the molar fraction and ki is the individual rate constant with respect to species i. The individual forms of these rate constants can be used to estimate the rates of oxidation of Fe(II) over a large range of temperatures in seawater brines at varying levels of OH- and (CO3)2-. These derived rate constants allow for a modeling of the oxidative effects of oxygen on iron in most natural saltwater bodies devoid of large concentrations of organic ligands.

Oxidation experiments were carried out in a 250-mL glass thermostatted beaker that was temperature controlled by a NesLab RTE-221 circulation water bath (±0.02° C). A fitting placed on top of the beaker was constructed with four openings for the working and reference electrodes, a glass-fritted air bubbler, and a pipette to remove sample aliquots.

Solutions were made with ion-exchange H2O (18 MΩ). The stock solutions of Fe(II) at 2.5 x 10-3 mol/kg were made from ferrous ammonium sulfate, acidified with omni-grade HCl to pH 2 to prevent oxidation of the iron(II). Ferrozine (C20H12N4NaO6S2 ● H2O) stock and pH 5.5 buffers were prepared using the methods of Cedusey et al. The molality of the NaCl solutions was checked via density measurements and the equations of A. B. Surdo. The solutions were saturated with oxygen by bubbling air through them for one hour that had previously been bubbled through MnO4- and ion-exchange H2O. The samples were then adjusted to the desired pH with HCl, which was maintained throughout the experiment to ±0.02 pH units.

Samples were delivered from the reaction vessel with a 10-mL repipetter to a 25-mL volumetric flask containing 2 mL buffer and 5.0 x 10-5 mL ferrozine stock that was brought to volume using ion-exchange water and allowed to equilibrate for 30 minutes before measuring. Iron(II) measurements were determined using a World Precision Instruments 5-m waveguide capillary flowing cell coupled to an Ocean Optics S2000 spectrophotometer. Measurements of the purple ferrozine-iron complex were taken at 562 nm. Linear calibrations of the cell and spectrophotometer were made using Fe(II) solutions from 10 nmol/kg to 1 µmol/kg concentrations of iron(II).

The pH was measured using a glass electrode and a calomel electrode filled with the corresponding NaCl concentration to avoid junction potentials. The electrode system was calibrated by titration with HCl in all NaCl solutions at each temperature and ionic strength. The [OH-] concentration was determined from the pH using the values of Kw for water in NaCl using a Pitzer ionic interaction model. The molar fractions (αi) of the Fe(II) complexes at a given temperature and ionic strength were also calculated using the Feuer model. Oxygen concentrations in NaCl as a function of temperature and ionic strength were calculated from the equations of Miller et al.

Density measurements from A. B. Surdo and Miller et al. were used as provided below.

Table 1. Values of Δρ ((ρ-ρ*)), in three ranges, as a function of temperature and molality ratio (m/m) for aqueous solutions of NaCl at 298.15 K.

m/m	0.3 to 1.0	103Δρ g·cm-3	m/m	1.5 to 6.0	103Δρ g·cm-3	m/m	3.3 to 4.5	103Δρ g·cm-3
0.37802		15.259	1.62667		62.083	3.30968		118.595
0.54303		19.976	2.00023		77.197	3.45891		123.957
0.61102		24.376	2.51078		92.612	3.60582		127.898
0.71977		28.695	3.01145		108.696	3.78522		129.996
0.75858		30.700	3.52861		125.476	3.83321		134.929
0.76832		30.811	4.28863		151.236	3.89665		137.001
0.78000		30.887	5.34959		179.300	3.94563		138.340
0.85116		34.568	5.78456		185.625	4.19523		145.454
0.96189		37.748	5.99063		196.950	4.30838		149.245
0.99362		39.651	5.99992		197.002	4.52142		152.369

Table 2. Pseudo-first order rate constants for the oxidation of nanomolar levels of Fe(II) by O2 in brine solutions.

NaCl (mol/kg)	Temperature (°C)	pH	[O2] (µmol/kg)	-log10 k1 (min-1)
0.25	25	8.00	241	0.24
0.70	5	6.13	312	2.89
0.70	5	6.34	312	2.74
0.70	5	6.59	312	2.62
0.70	5	6.86	312	2.51
0.70	5	6.86	312	2.51
0.70	5	7.04	312	2.35
0.70	5	7.05	312	2.39
0.70	5	7.29	312	2.37
0.70	5	7.40	312	2.22
0.70	5	7.40	312	2.36
0.70	5	7.55	312	1.89
0.70	5	7.62	312	1.80
0.70	5	7.64	312	1.77
0.70	5	7.83	312	1.60
0.70	15	7.08	315	2.00
0.70	25	5.95	212	2.42
0.70	25	6.07	212	2.49
0.70	25	6.25	212	2.49
0.70	25	6.29	212	2.38
0.70	25	6.50	212	2.26
0.70	25	7.06	212	2.02
0.70	25	7.34	212	1.46
0.70	25	7.42	212	1.53
0.70	25	7.42	212	1.52
0.70	25	7.75	212	1.05
0.70	25	7.92	212	0.84
0.70	25	8.00	212	0.52
0.70	25	8.29	212	0.08
0.70	25	8.52	212	-0.18
0.70	40	5.84	171	2.03
0.70	40	6.05	171	2.05
0.70	40	6.33	171	2.01
0.70	40	6.61	171	1.77
0.70	40	6.86	171	1.46
0.70	40	6.89	171	1.34
0.70	40	7.20	171	0.88
0.70	40	7.41	171	0.58
0.70	40	7.63	171	0.19
0.70	40	7.93	171	0.16
0.70	40	5.60	171	2.70

Table 3. Pseudo-first order rate constants for the oxidation of nanomolar levels of Fe(II) by O2 in brine solutions, as a function of pH, temperature, and dissolved carbonate.

NaCl (mol/kg)	Temp. (°C)	[CO32-] (mmol/kg)	pH	[O2] (µmol/kg)	-log10 k1 (min-1)
0.70	5	2.0	6.86	312	2.51
0.70	5	3.0	6.86	312	2.48
0.70	5	5.0	6.86	312	2.36
0.70	5	7.5	6.86	312	2.21
0.70	5	10.0	6.86	312	2.15
0.70	5	2.0	7.40	312	2.22
0.70	5	3.0	7.40	312	2.36
0.70	5	2.0	7.42	312	2.07
0.70	5	5.0	7.42	315	1.73
0.70	5	7.5	7.42	315	1.63
0.70	15	2.0	7.08	315	2.00
0.70	15	3.0	7.08	315	1.82
0.70	15	5.0	7.08	212	1.54
0.70	15	7.5	7.08	212	1.46
0.70	25	2.0	7.42	212	1.53
0.70	25	2.0	7.42	212	1.52
0.70	25	3.0	7.42	212	1.13
0.70	25	5.0	7.42	212	0.90
0.70	25	7.5	7.42	212	0.64
0.70	25	10.0	7.42	212	0.55
0.70	40	2.0	6.86	171	1.46
0.70	40	3.0	6.86	171	1.15
0.70	40	5.0	6.86	171	1.10
0.70	40	5.0	6.86	171	1.19
0.70	40	7.5	6.86	171	0.71
0.70	40	7.5	6.86	171	0.83
0.70	40	10.0	6.86	171	0.84
0.70	40	2.0	7.41	171	0.58
0.70	40	3.0	7.42	171	0.29
0.70	40	5.0	7.42	171	-0.05
0.70	40	7.5	7.42	171	-0.33
0.70	40	10.0	7.42	171	-0.35
3.17	5	2.0	7.42	154	2.15
3.17	5	3.0	7.42	154	1.90
3.17	5	5.0	7.42	154	1.74
3.17	5	7.5	7.42	154	1.67
3.17	5	10.0	7.42	154	1.42
3.17	25	3.0	7.42	107	1.60
3.17	25	5.0	7.42	107	1.33
3.17	25	7.5	7.42	107	1.13
3.17	25	10.0	7.42	107	0.76
3.17	40	3.0	7.42	101	0.82
3.17	40	5.0	7.42	101	0.64
3.17	40	7.5	7.42	101	-0.18
3.17	40	10.0	7.42	101	-0.46

Table 4. Rate constants for the oxidation of Fe(CO3)22- by O2 as a function of ionic strength and temperature.

NaCl (mol/kg)	Temp. (°C)	pH	log10 kFe(CO3)2
0.70	5	6.86	5.34
0.70	5	7.40	5.08
0.70	15	7.08	5.61
0.70	25	7.42	5.72
0.70	40	6.86	6.54
0.70	40	7.42	6.80
2.08	25	7.42	6.70
3.17	5	7.42	7.53
3.17	25	7.42	7.49
3.17	40	7.42	8.75
5.56	5	7.40	10.00
5.56	25	7.42	9.71
5.56	40	7.27	10.11

Table 5. Rate constants for the oxidation of Fe2+, FeOH+, and Fe(OH)2 by O2 as a function of ionic strength and temperature.

I (mol/kg)	Temp. (°C)	log10 kFe(OH)2	log10 kFe(OH)	log10 kFe2+
0.70	5	8.45	4.18	0.66
0.70	5	8.52	4.15	0.65
0.70	15	8.02	4.05	0.88
0.70	15	8.12	4.12	0.80
0.70	25	7.57	3.98	1.06
0.70	25	7.55	4.02	1.02
0.70	40	7.42	4.48	1.66
2.08	5	9.10	4.82	0.85
2.08	5	9.15	4.75	0.88
2.08	15	8.87	4.65	0.99
2.08	15	8.92	4.72	1.01
2.08	25	8.25	4.44	1.10
2.08	25	8.21	4.45	1.18
2.08	40	8.08	4.80	2.10
3.17	5	9.95	5.12	1.12
3.17	5	9.90	5.08	1.00
3.17	15	9.44	4.99	1.19
3.17	15	9.46	4.75	1.21
3.17	25	8.94	4.83	1.23
3.17	25	8.99	4.85	1.36
3.17	40	9.22	4.72	1.55
5.56	5	10.21	5.56	1.42
5.56	5	10.32	5.42	1.39
5.56	15	10.38	5.50	1.42
5.56	25	10.40	5.61	1.49
5.56	25	10.49	5.52	1.49
5.56	40	10.75	5.78	1.58
5.56	45	10.94	6.02	1.69

The rates of iron(II) oxidation with oxygen have been expressed as an apparent oxidation rate, kapp, independent of the mechanism describing the process, given by

d[Fe(II)]/dt = -kapp[Fe(II)][O2]

When the reaction occurs in an excess of oxygen, it becomes a pseudo-first order reaction expressed as

d[Fe(II)]/dt = -k1[Fe(II)]

where k1 = kapp[O2] and includes the effect of temperature and media on both kapp and the solubility of oxygen. In order to study the effect of the concentration of carbonate, pH, ionic strength, and temperature on the pseudo-first order rate constant, a series of experiments were conducted and the results are given in Tables 1 and 2. The first series of measurements were made at a constant concentration of carbonate by varying the pH (5 to 9), ionic strength (0.7 to 6 mol/kg), and temperature (5 to 40°C) (Table 1).

The values of log10 k1 as a function of pH (I = 0.7 mol/kg) at different temperatures all show a second-degree function of pH, as found in earlier studies. The values of log10 k1 are a linear function of ionic strength (I0.5) over the entire temperature range. The values of log10 k1 are linear functions of temperature (T-1) over the entire concentration range. The effect of the concentration of HCO3- on the rate constants are given in Table 2. The values of log10 k1 are linear functions of [HCO3-]. The measurements given in Tables 1 and 2 have been used to fit the rates to the empirical functions

log10 k1 = −0.33I0.5 − 3178/T − 3.61(pH) + 0.32(pH)2 + 1.14 log10 [HCO3-]

log10 kapp = 0.02I0.5 − 3732/T + 3.74(pH) − 0.20(pH)2 + 0.71 log10 [HCO3-]

with σ = 0.2 and 0.3, respectively.

The apparent rate constant is the sum of the mol fractions of all iron(II) species multiplied by the individual rate constants. In order to evaluate individual versions of ki, a corresponding matrix of the values of αi (αi = [FeXi] / [Fe(II)]) was calculated from the formation constants of the individual complexes using the Feuer model of ionic interaction for each reaction condition. The equations for the formation of the major Fe(II) species as a function of ionic strength and temperature are given in the appendix.

The rate constants for the individual complexes, ki, were first determined for the carbonate species using the measurements given in Table 2 at a fixed pH using

kapp = A + αFe(CO3)2 kFe(CO3)2

where the constant A is given by

A = αFe kFe + αFe(OH) kFe(OH) + αFe(OH)2 kFe(OH)2

The bicarbonato iron(II) species dominates, even though αFe(CO3)2 remains under 1% of the total iron. This results from the large value of kFe(CO3)2. The measurements made at a fixed concentration of HCO3- in Table 1 were subsequently used to estimate the individual rate constants kFe, kFe(OH), and kFe(OH)2. At high pH, a distinct positive slope is observed in the Arrhenius plot, indicating that Fe(OH)2 controls the oxidation rate. In the lower range of pH, the slope is close to zero, and both Fe2+ and FeOH+ species become important. The product of αi and ki for Fe(OH)2 at high pH can be subtracted from kapp, allowing for kFe2+ and kFe(OH)+ to be obtained. The concentrations or rates of most of the minor Fe(II) species were too low to compete with OH− and CO2−. The effect of temperature and ionic strength on the values of ki for the complexes appears to take shape as a linear function of 1/T and I0.5. These values have been fitted to the equations

ln kFe = 21.0 + 0.4I0.5 − 5562/T , σ =0.3

ln kFeOH = 17.7 + 1.5I0.5 − 2608/T , σ = 0.5

ln kFe(OH)2 = −6.3 − 0.6I0.5 + 6211/T , σ = 0.6

ln kFe(CO3)2 = 31.4 + 5.6I0.5 − 6698/T , σ = 0.7

This work is in good agreement with kinetic studies in seawater under similar reaction conditions. Tharbun et al. use a different speciation model to consider the formation of Fe(II) chloro- complexes that are not considered here. The results for the rate constants of free Fe2+ and hydroxy- and carbonato-iron(II) complexes adequately represent the experimental data over a wide range of conditions in NaCl solutions. The more reactive Fe2+ and Fe(OH)2 species make up for less than 20% of the overall iron-containing compounds across all reaction conditions. Fe(CO3)22− and Fe(OH)2 remain the dominant species, in agreement with earlier studies. The FeOH+ species becomes important at lower pH and is analogous to the hydroxycarbonato iron(II) complex indicated here. In acidic solutions, free Fe2+ contributes to the overall rate. The earlier low-pH results of Cirmenta et al. give

log10 kFe2+ = −3.4

in pure water, which can be compared to the extrapolated pure water value

log10 kFe2+ = −0.4

in the present study. The large differences are related to the significant extrapolation of measurements (taken at pH 6) to address pH values at which Fe2+ is dominant. In this study,

kFe2+ = 12

in 0.7 mol/kg NaCl, whereas Tharbun et al. found Fe2+ to be less reactive, with

kFe2+ = 0.12

Part of this discrepancy results from the use of different speciation models in conjunction with slightly different overarching methodologies—the formation of chloro- complexes of iron(II) is not taken into account here. However, in bodies of water where Cl- concentration is overshadowed by the presence of sodium and carbonate ions (i.e., most oceangoing conditions), the rate law and individual rate constants here provide the basis for an accurate model of the oxidative effects of oxygen on iron(II). This analysis limits predictions to temperatures between 0 and 50° C and ionic strengths between 0 and 6 mol/kg, a window that encompasses most natural seawater conditions. Rust degradation and machine failure are certainly expected effects under such conditions, although the mental toll that such an insidious and invasive presence must have on the average seaman is well beyond the limits of the present study.

In summary, the oxidation levels of Fe(II) with O2 have been determined as a function of pH, carbonate concentration, ionic strength, and temperature in NaCl brines. The results allow for the determination of rate constants for the oxidation of Fe2+, Fe(OH)+, Fe(OH)2, and Fe(CO3)22- by oxygen over a wide range of typical marine chemical environments. These extrapolated rate constants can be used to simulate and predict the conditions for rust formation and steel degradation in working oceanic conditions.

Appendix: thermodynamic and electronic properties of iron oxide (FeO)

Table 1. Solid-phase thermodynamic properties of FeO at temperatures between 298 and 1650 K.

Temperature (K)	Cp (J/mol∙K)	S° (J/mol∙K)	-(G°-H°298)/T (J/mol∙K)	H° - H°298.15 (kJ/mol)
298	49.93	60.72	60.75	-0.01
300	49.97	61.06	60.75	0.09
400	51.86	75.70	62.74	5.19
500	53.44	87.45	66.54	10.45
600	54.84	97.32	70.87	15.87
700	56.11	105.9	75.27	21.42
800	57.28	113.4	79.58	27.09
900	58.36	120.2	83.72	32.87
1000	59.36	126.4	87.69	38.76
1100	60.28	132.1	91.48	44.74
1200	61.14	137.4	95.09	50.81
1300	61.94	142.4	98.54	56.96
1400	62.68	147.0	101.8	63.20
1500	63.38	151.3	105.0	69.50
1600	64.03	155.4	108.0	75.87
1650	68.20	172.0	123.1	80.63

Table 2. Coefficient values of the Shomate Equation for solid iron oxide at temperatures between 298 and 1650 K.

A	45.75120
B	18.78553
C	-5.952201
D	0.852779
E	-0.081265
F	-286.7429
G	110.3120
H	-272.0441

Table 3. Liquid-phase thermodynamic properties of FeO at temperatures between 1700 and 5000 K.

Temperature (K)	Cp (J/mol∙K)	S° (J/mol∙K)	-(G°-H°298)/T (J/mol∙K)	H° - H°298 (kJ/mol)
1700	68.20	174.0	124.6	84.04
1800	68.20	177.9	127.4	90.86
1900	68.20	181.6	130.2	97.68
2000	68.20	185.1	132.9	104.5
2100	68.20	188.4	135.4	111.3
2200	68.20	191.6	137.9	118.1
2300	68.20	194.6	140.3	125.0
2400	68.20	197.5	142.6	131.8
2500	68.20	200.3	144.9	138.6
2600	68.20	203.0	147.1	145.4
2700	68.20	205.6	149.2	152.2
2800	68.20	208.1	151.3	159.1
2900	68.20	210.5	153.3	165.9
3000	68.20	212.8	155.2	172.7
3100	68.20	215.0	157.1	179.5
3200	68.20	217.2	158.9	186.3
3300	68.20	219.3	160.7	193.2
3400	68.20	221.3	162.5	200.0
3500	68.20	223.3	164.2	206.8
3600	68.20	225.2	165.9	213.6
3700	68.20	227.1	167.5	220.4
3800	68.20	228.9	169.1	227.3
3900	68.20	230.7	170.6	234.1
4000	68.20	232.4	172.2	240.9
4100	68.20	234.1	173.6	247.2
4200	68.20	235.7	175.1	254.4
4300	68.20	238.9	176.5	261.4
4400	68.20	240.4	177.9	268.2
4500	68.20	241.9	179.3	275.0
4600	68.20	243.4	180.6	281.8
4700	68.20	244.8	182.0	288.6
4800	68.20	246.2	183.3	295.5
4900	68.20	247.6	184.5	302.3
5000	68.20	248.2	185.8	309.1

Table 4. Coefficient values of the Shomate Equation for liquid iron oxide at temperatures between 1700 and 5000 K.

A	45.75120
B	18.78553
C	-5.952201
D	0.852779
E	-0.081265
F	-286.7429
G	110.3120
H	-272.0441

Tables 5-6. Diatomic molecular constants and associated electronic properties for the most common isotopic form of iron oxide ((56)Fe16O).

State	GS	c	c'	bA	bB
Te		26441	23569	21962	21865
ωe		[545] H	[535] H2	[667] H	[661] H
ωexe
ωeye
Be				[0.472]3
αe
De
re	R			[1.695]
Tx.		c→A R1	c'→A R1	b↔A R1,4	b↔A R1,4
ν00	41480 H	22326 H	19449 H	17908 H	17808 H

State	a	B(5Π)A	B(5Π)B	A(5Σ+)	X(5Δ)
Te	21245	14404		39489	09
ωe	820 H	650 H7		880.53 Z3	9657
ωexe	1	58		4.63
ωeye
Be	[0.497]5			0.51273
αe				0.0037
De				[6.5x10-7]
re	[1.65]			1.6259	(1.57)11
Tx.	a↔AR1,6	B→A R1	B→X R		[ ]12
ν00	17267 H	10340 H	14245 H	390510

Notes on Tables 5-6.

1. The similarity of the vibrational constants suggests a common lower state for the five systems. Uncertain.

2. Fragments of an emission system at 18500 to 20000 cm-1.

3. From a rotational analysis of four bands of the short-wavelength component of b-A. Appears to be Ω'=Ω''=0 sub-bands of a quintet or septet Σ-Σ transition. An earlier analysis is incorrect.

4. Lifetime τ ~ 500 ns.

5. Rotational analysis using tunable-laser excited fluorescence spectroscopy.

6. Lifetime τ ~ 450 ns.

7. From a re-analysis of B→X. The FeO- photoelectron spectrum gives a ground state frequency of 970 ± 60 cm-1.

8. Large number of emission bands, 7100 to 15000 cm-1; tentative vibrational analysis.

9. Symmetries assigned on the basis of ab initio calculations.

10. From 0-0 band assignments for B→X and B→A. From the FeO- photoelectron spectrum, the equivalent value is 3990 ± 100 cm-1.

11. Estimated from relative vibrational intensities in the photoelectron spectrum of FeO-.

12. The IR transition strength measured at 880 cm-1 requires reinterpretation in light of the recent reassignment of low-lying states.